But it is not necessary on the basis of these statements to turn the New Testament into a revolutionary Manifesto, and to declare Jesus Christ a revolutionary, as some left-wing theologians have often done in the past and in the present. Christianity is not a social, but above all a moral and religious teaching. Jesus Christ taught: give to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s. Nevertheless, the social motives of early Christian preaching had a great influence on social and political movements all over the world.

The main idea of the Gospel sermon of Jesus Christ was to convey to all people the idea that God — the Father of all people-sent him to announce to people about the imminent establishment of the Kingdom of God.

The authorities of Judea and Rome met Jesus Christ as an impostor. They accused him of blasphemy and incitement against the authorities and sentenced him to death by crucifixion. The Jewish people in their mass also turned away from him. When the people were asked to choose which of those condemned to death they wished to pardon, the crowd preferred the robber barrabus to Jesus. Jesus Christ was executed and, according to the gospel story, rose on the third day, appeared to his disciples, gave them instruction, and on the 40th day ascended to Heaven.

After the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ in Jerusalem remained a community of his followers led by the Apostle Peter in Addition to this community by the 60s of the first century in Palestine there were several early Christian communities. The presence of such communities in this area is confirmed by scientific data. In 1947, near the Dead sea (Wadi Qumran) scientists discovered ancient scrolls, which became known to the world community under the name of Qumran manuscripts. These manuscripts told about the settlement of the Jewish sect of the Essenes, which in many provisions of the creed and cult, as well as the way of life, was close to Christianity. The members of this sect called themselves the “New Union,” the “community of beggars,” and their doctrine the ” New Testament.” The manuscripts speak of a “teacher of righteousness” who spoke of the inevitable end of the world, after which ” God will judge human souls by their faith.” The Essenes were not proponents of the idea that only the Jews were a special God-chosen people. They are considered as the main factor, not ethnic, and spiritual unity. In this community there were simple rites, such as baptism, bread-breaking, common property, mutual support of all members.

Now it is important to explain how Christianity has grown from a small Jewish sect to the scale of a world religion. Why were the peoples of the Roman Empire, among whom Christianity first began to spread, so susceptible to this teaching? The theological-theological approach connects this process with the” inspiration “of the Christian teaching and the activity of the apostles,”ascetics of faith”, to spread it. We do not reject this version. But our task is to reveal the natural, socio-cultural mechanisms that led to the fact that the teachings of the Jewish prophet Jesus became a world religion, which had a huge impact on the course of world development.